Nephrology

What is the normal urinary creatinine range in a spot urine sample for an urine albumin to creatine ratio (UACR) test

I am drinking enough water and trying to be hydrated but my urine output is less and flow is also not proper. i have t2dm since 2 years and have recently kft and values arw normal can someone suggest me the remedies

My father has recently been diagnosed with CKD. His creatinine level was 1.26 before treatment started, and after 2 months it increased to 1.36. After a month of treatment, his Urine ACR shows 104. What can be expected in terms of life expectancy and progression rate in this case?

Low urinary creatinine value in an uacr report due to diluted urine increases or decreases urine acr ?

Is it mandatory to give blood sample for serum creatinine,blood urea & potassium in fasting condition ?

I have been noticing my daughter's urine since she started using the toilet(started when she was 1) now she is 2.5. She always had foam, little amount of foam but those small ones and they don't go away on their own. They have always been there whenever she peed. I have compared mine I have never had any, even when I am completely dehydrated whereas she always had it. Attaching a photo for reference, sometimes two or three foam like this, But not many. Sometimes these attach at the sides and don't pop.

My urinary creatinine as per spot UACR reports are as follows :- 18/05/2025 = 71.09 23/06/2025 = 85.76 29/06/2025 = 53.91 11/07/2025 = 111.31 27/07/2025 = 65.30 UACR results were normal at all times Value of urinary creatinine in the above results seems to be much low especially 53.91,65.30 & 71.09 Need to know whether these urinary creatinine values are actually low or not as per standards Can these low urinary creatinine values cause false results ? Will these low values increase or decrease ACR values

My earlier 24 hrs urine protein test results which were done 16-18 months ago were 60 mg/day & 80 mg/day,respectively Now it came 120 mg/day So,can these variations from 60 mg/day or 80 mg/day to 120 mg/day after 16-18 months be considered as a normal day to day variation or fluctuation ? Is 120 mg/day of urinary protein in the borderline or is it in the higher side ? Test results of urine acr,creatinine,urea,potassium & usg are all within normal limits

Noticing sudden foaminess of urine since last 2 months Urine ACR,24 hrs urine protein,creatinine,urea,potassium & USG are all within normal limits What might be the cause of occurrence of such sudden foamy urine ? Is it worrisome ?

Sir I know one thing after 5th stage kidney issue 0how much time we have for kidney dialysis. High creatine level