TENS (Transcutaneous Electric nerve stimulation)

It relieves pain either by stimulating pain gate mechanism or opioid system pain relief by pain gate mechanism involves activation of AB sensory fibers and hence decreases transmission of noxious stimulus from C fibers through spinal cord. AB fibers appreciate by being stimulated at high frequency (90-130hz)

 Opioid Mechanism stimulate A delta fibers at much low frequency (2-5hz) it will activate endogenous opioid Mechanism and provide pain relief by causing the release of encephalin in spinal cord which will decrease activation of noxious sensory pathways.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

1) Non cooperative patients

2) Application of electrodes on trunk, abdomen or pelvis during pregnancy.

3) patient with pacemaker

4) Application around the anterior aspect of neck or carotid sinus.

INDICATONS

1) Musculoskeletal pain

2) Chronic low back pain

3) Dysmenorrhea

4) Painful Diabetic neuropathy