Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting how an individual processes and responds to sensory information.
What is sensory processing?
Sensory processing refers to the brain's ability to:1. Receive sensory input (e.g., touch, sound, vision)2. Integrate and organizeinformation3. Respond appropriately
Types of SPD:
1. Auditory Processing Disorder(APD): difficulty processing sounds2. Visual Processing Disorder(VPD): difficulty processing visual information3. Tactile Processing Disorder(TPD): difficulty processing touch4. Vestibular Processing Disorder(VPD): difficulty with balance and movement5. Proprioceptive ProcessingDisorder (PPD): difficulty with body awareness
SPD symptoms:
Hypersensitivity(over-responsiveness):
1. Overreacting to loud noises2. Disliking certain textures or fabrics3. Sensitivity to light
Hyposensitivity(under-responsiveness):
1. Difficulty responding to name2. Not noticing pain or temperature3. Seeking intense sensory experiences
Sensory seeking:
1. Craving sensory input (e.g., spinning, rocking)2. Enjoying intense sensory experiences. Difficulty self-regulating sensory seeking
Sensory avoidance:
1. Avoiding certain sounds or textures. Refusing to participate in sensory activities. Showing anxiety in sensory-rich environments
Causes and risk factors:
1. Genetics2. Premature birth3. Traumatic brain injury4. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)5.Attention Deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD
Attention Deficit HyperactivityDisorder (ADHD) Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often co-occur.
Co-occurrence rates:
1. 40-60% of ADHD individuals have SPD2. 30-50% of SPD individuals have ADHD
Shared characteristics:
1. Difficulty regulating sensory input2. Challenges with focus and attention3. Emotional dysregulation4. Impulsivity5. Motor coordination issues
Similar symptoms:
1. Distractibility2. Disorganization3. Restlessness4. Impulsive behaviors5. Emotional reactivity
Key differences:
1. Primary symptoms: ADHD(attention, hyperactivity) vs SPD (sensory processing)2. Cognitive vs. sensory processing difficulties
Theories on co-occurrence:
1. Shared neurological basis(brain structure/function)2. Overlapping genetic factors. Environmental influences (e.g., prenatal exposure)
Impact on daily life:
1. Academic struggles2. Social difficulties3. Emotional regulation challenges4. Daily routine struggles5. Sleep disturbances
Accommodations and supports
1. Extra time for assignments2. Quiet workspace3. Visual aids and schedules4. Breaks for physical activity5. Assistive technology
Diagnosis and treatment:
1. Occupational therapy (OT)2. Sensory integration therapy3. Cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT)4. Environmental modifications5. Accommodations and supports6. Integrated treatment (ADHD and SPD strategies)7. Medications (for ADHD symptoms)