To prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), you can take several effective proactive steps:
Consistent and Correct Condom Use: Use a new latex or polyurethane condom for every act of vaginal, anal, or oral sex. For oral-vaginal or oral-anal contact, use a dental dam to reduce the risk of transmission.
Regular Testing and Screening: Get tested regularly, especially if you have new or multiple sexual partners, as many STIs do not show symptoms.
Get Vaccinated: Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent infections from human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B.
We recommends routine HPV vaccination starting at age 11 or 12.
Limit Your Number of Sexual Partners: Reducing the number of people you have sex with can lower your overall risk of exposure. Being in a mutually monogamous relationship where both partners have been tested and are uninfected is a highly effective prevention strategy.
Open Communication with Partners: Talk honestly with your partner(s) about your sexual history, testing status, and the use of protection before engaging in sexual activity.
Other effective measures include considering male circumcision, which can lower the risk of acquiring HIV and some other STIs, and talking to a healthcare provider about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) if you are at high risk for HIV.
Testing, diagnosis, and treatmentKnowing your STI status is a critical step in prevention. Ask your healthcare provider to test you. Asking is the only way to know if you are receiving the right tests. Make sure your partner asks a healthcare provider about testing as well. Many STIs can be easily diagnosed and treated. If you or your partner have an STI, both of you need treatment at the same time