Measles is a highly contagious medical condition caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family and it spreads through touch and air. The condition mostly affects children and there is no specific treatment available as of yet to treat the condition, however getting vaccinated against measles is an effective way of prevention. Working in this regard, the World Health Organization observes March 16 as Measles Immunization Day, to spread awareness about the deadly disease and the importance of vaccination.

With this year’s Measles Immunization Day just around the corner, through this health article we try to shed light on some important facts about measles, including the risk factors, symptoms, complications, treatment, and prevention through immunization (measles vaccination).

Who is at risk of getting measles?

  • Toddlers and young children (children under the age of 5 years) who are not vaccinated
  • Recent travel history to geographic areas where measles is more prevalent
  • People with vitamin A deficiency

What are the symptoms of measles?

  • A high grade fever anywhere between 7th to 14th day of exposure to the virus is the first sign of measles. (The fever may persist for about 7 days)
  • Respiratory symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and sore throat
  • Conjunctivitis and watery eyes
  • Dermatological symptoms - Koplik’s spots (red rashes with tiny white spots and bluish discolorations in the oral cavity, especially the cheek)

Complications

  • In severe cases measles may cause encephalitis, ear infections, blindness, respiratory issues and pneumonia, severe diarrhea, and even death

Treatment

As of now, there is no specific treatment available for treating measles. However, symptomatic treatment is initiated to relieve fever, correction of malnutrition, Vitamin A supplements, administration of antibiotics to prevent further complications associated with ear, eye, and lungs.

Prevention

Currently vaccination is the only way to prevent measles. 

Children and adults should receive the measles vaccine to prevent measles. The measles vaccine is usually a combined measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The first shot is given around the age of 12 to 15 months, and the second around 4 or 5 years of age. MMRV vaccine is only available for children ages 12 months to 12 years of age. Talk to your child’s healthcare provider about the best time for your child.

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