Infectious Mononucleosis is an infection of the throat caused by the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and manifests itself by a sore throat, fever, neck swelling, weakness and malaise.
It is transmitted by saliva and is usually a disease of young adults and has been associated with deep kissing.
The incubation period (the time between initial infection and the presentation of symptoms) can be long and can last from 4 to 6 weeks.
Symptoms
- Sudden onset pain in the throat, difficulty in swallowing.
- Fever, can be high sometimes.
- Cervical lymph nodes get enlarged.
- Malaise, fatigue, myalgia (muscle pain).
- Rash is not usually seen except in patients given penicillin derivatives.
- In rare cases, complications such as splenic rupture, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurological complications can occur.
Diagnosis – by clinical examination and serological tests, including the Monospot test and specific EBV antibody assays.
Management of infectious mononucleosis primarily focuses on symptomatic relief, with recommendations for rest, hydration, and analgesics to alleviate pain and fever.
Patients are advised to avoid contact sports and heavy lifting to reduce the risk of splenic rupture.
The prognosis is generally favorable, with most individuals recovering fully within weeks to months. However, some patients may experience prolonged fatigue and other symptoms, impacting their daily activities. It is essential to provide supportive care and monitor for any potential complications during the recovery period.
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