Ayurveda is an alternative medicine system with historical roots in the Indian subcontinent. Ayurveda therapies have varied and evolved over more than two millennia. Therapies include herbal medicines, special diets, meditation, yoga, massage, laxatives, enemas, and medical oils. Ayurvedic preparations are typically based on complex herbal compounds, minerals, and metal substances (under the influence of early Indian alchemy or rasashastra).
Ancient Ayurveda texts also taught surgical techniques
including rhinoplasty, kidney stone extractions, sutures, and the extraction of foreign objects,heamorrhoids,fissures,fistula,cyst extractions,hernioplasty.
In Ayurveda , Dosha balance is emphasized, and suppressing natural urges is considered unhealthy and claimed to lead to illness.Ayurveda treatises describe three elemental doshas
1-vāta,2- pitta and 3-kapha, and state that balance (sāmyatva) of the doshas results in health, while imbalance (viṣamatva) results in disease.
Ayurveda treatises divide medicine into eight canonical components. Ayurveda practitioners had developed various medicinal preparations and surgical procedures from at least the beginning of the common era.There is good evidence that Ayurveda is effective to treat or cure cancer.
Eight components Nagarjuna, known "the medicine that has eight components" (Skt. cikitsāyām aṣṭāṅgāyāṃ चिकित्सायामष्टाङ्गायाम्), is first found in the Sanskrit epic the Mahābhārata, c. 4th century BCE.The components are
Kāyachikitsā : general medicine, medicine of the body
Kaumāra-bhṛtya (Pediatrics): Discussions about prenatal and postnatal care of baby and mother; methods of conception; choosing the child's sex, intelligence, and constitution; childhood diseases; and midwifery
Śalyatantra: surgical techniques and the extraction of foreign objects
Śhālākyatantra: treatment of ailments affecting openings or cavities in the upper body: ears, eyes, nose, mouth, etc.
Bhūtavidyā: pacification of possessing spirits, and the people whose minds are affected by such possession
Agadatantra/Vishagara-vairodh Tantra (Toxicology): includes epidemics; toxins in animals, vegetables and minerals; and keys for recognizing those anomalies and their antidotes
Rasāyantantra: rejuvenation and tonics for increasing lifespan, intellect and strength
Vājīkaraṇatantra: aphrodisiacs; treatments for increasing the volume and viability of semen and sexual pleasure; infertility problems; and spiritual decipline..
The three Doshas and the five elements from which they are composed.According to ayurveda, the human body is composed of tissues (dhatus), waste (malas), and humoral biomaterials (doshas).
The seven dhatus are chyle (rasa), blood (rakta), muscles (māmsa), fat (meda), bone (asthi), marrow (majja), and semen (shukra).
Like the medicine of classical antiquity, the classic treatises of Ayurveda divided bodily substances into five classical elements, (Sanskrit) panchamahabhuta, viz. earth, water, fire, air and ether.
There are also twenty gunas (qualities or characteristics) which are considered to be inherent in all matter.
These are organized in ten pairs: heavy/light, cold/hot, unctuous/dry, dull/sharp, stable/mobile, soft/hard, non-slimy/slimy, smooth/coarse, minute/gross, and viscous/liquid.
The three postulated elemental bodily humors, the doshas or tridosha, are vata (air, which some modern authors equate with the nervous system), pitta (bile, fire, equated by some with enzymes), and kapha (phlegm, or earth and water, equated by some with mucus).
The humours (doshas) may also affect mental health. Each dosha has particular attributes and roles within the body and mind; the natural predominance of one or more doshas thus explains a person's physical constitution (prakriti) and personality.
Ayurvedic tradition holds that imbalance among the bodily and mental doshas is a major etiologic component of disease. One Ayurvedic view is that the doshas are balanced when they are equal to each other, while another view is that each human possesses a unique combination of the doshas which define this person's temperament and characteristics. In either case, it says that each person should modulate their behavior or environment to increase or decrease the doshas and maintain their natural state. Practitioners of Ayurveda must determine an individual's bodily and mental dosha makeup, as certain prakriti are said to predispose one to particular diseases..
Panchakarma
According to Ayurveda, panchakarma are techniques to eliminate toxic elements from the body.Panchakarma refers to five actions, which are meant to be performed in a designated sequence with the stated aim of restoring balance in the body through some processes.
FIVE-WAYs of a Panchakarma treatment are the five cleansing procedures.
These are called Virechan, Basti, Vaman, Nasya and Raktamokshana. These terms stand for: laxative measures, herbal enemas, vomiting therapies, nasal rinsing and phlebotomy. These procedures help cleanse the gastrointestinal tract, oesophagus, respiratory tract and blood vessels of detrimental substances.
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