By Dr. Sumit ChawlaOrthopedic Surgeon | OrthoLife Clinic, Ashok Vihar, Delhi

Knee pain is among the top complaints I see in my orthopaedic practice. It can affect anyone, from young athletes to older adults with age-related joint changes. Sometimes, the pain is short-lived. However, it often signals a deeper issue that requires prompt attention. Here are five of the most common reasons for knee pain, along with our approach to managing them.

1. Osteoarthritis – Age-Related Wear and Tear

Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of chronic knee pain, especially in those over 45. It occurs when the meniscus and cartilage — the cushioning between joints — start to wear down, causing pain, stiffness, swelling, and a grinding feeling. Patients often struggle with stair climbing or prolonged stiffness after sitting. 

Treatment: 

  • Weight loss to ease joint pressure 
  • Low-impact activities (e.g., walking, swimming, cycling)
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Exercises to strengthen knee support
  • Injections (hyaluronic acid, PRP, intraarticular steroids)
  • Pain management 
  • Knee replacement for advanced cases

2. Ligament Injuries – Sudden Twisting or Impact

The knee is stabilized by four ligaments, and the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is most prone to injury — often during sports or sudden movements. A “pop” sound followed by pain, swelling, or instability is typical.

Treatment:

  • RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
  • MRI to assess severity
  • Knee brace for support
  • Rehab Exercises for strength and balance (Conservative and post surgery)
  • Arthroscopic ligament surgery if instability persists

Surgery isn’t always needed — it depends on activity level and severity.

3. Meniscus Tear – Locking or Clicking Sensation

The meniscus is a C-shaped cartilage that cushions the knee. It can tear due to twisting, deep squats, or degeneration with age. Symptoms include joint-line pain, swelling, and locking.

Treatment:

  • Rest and medication for mild cases
  • MRI to confirm diagnosis
  • Arthroscopic surgery for persistent or severe tears

Timely treatment can prevent early joint damage.

4. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome – Pain Behind the Kneecap

Common in young adults, especially females, this condition arises from poor kneecap alignment. Pain occurs while running, climbing stairs, squatting, or sitting for long periods.

Treatment:

  • Physiotherapy to strengthen quadriceps, glutes, and core
  • Stretching tight muscles
  • Avoiding pain-triggering activities
  • Surgery is rarely required

Most cases improve with rehabilitation and posture correction.

5. Bursitis & Tendinitis – Overuse and Inflammation

Frequent kneeling, squatting, or overuse can inflame tendons or bursae (fluid-filled sacs). It causes sharp pain, swelling, and discomfort during movement or pressure.

Treatment:

  • Rest and cold packs
  • Anti-inflammatory medication
  • Strengthening and stretching exercises
  • Corticosteroid injections in select cases

Identifying the exact inflamed structure helps us personalize treatment.

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist?

Consult a doctor if:

  • Knee pain lasts beyond a few days
  • You notice swelling, clicking, or locking
  • Your knee feels unstable or weak
  • Daily tasks like walking or sitting are painful

Early diagnosis speeds up recovery and prevents long-term joint damage. 

A Note from Dr. Sumit Chawla "As an orthopedic specialist, I’ve helped many patients return to pain-free, active lives through timely and personalized care. Whether it’s through physiotherapy or surgery, my goal is always the same — to restore comfort and mobility."