The 10th of September each year is observed as the World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD). WSPD was established in 2003 by the collaborative efforts of International Association for Suicide Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO). 

On this ‘World Suicide Prevention Day’ let us understand why is ‘suicide’ a social stigma and a matter of concern. Why is it our collective responsibility to focus our attention on the issue, reduce the stigma and raise awareness at the family and community level to spread a singular message that suicide can be prevented.

Why is suicide ‘stigmatized’?

Suicide rates are generally higher amongst vulnerable such as those who are subjected to peer pressure and failure, those who experience discrimination (example: indigenous people, the LGBTQ community, lower socioeconomic background, etc.) People with suicidal thoughts often find it difficult to voice their problems due to the stigma associated with suicide which is deep-rooted and multifaced such as:

  • At the individual level: Fear, ignorance, and misunderstanding which are often considered to be shameful in a certain individual. The feelings of shame and stigma is what prevents individuals from reaching out for help or openly talking to others.
  • At the society/community level: Suicides are generally attributed to mental health problems, particularly depression. Prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behavior directed towards individuals with mental health problems contribute to the social stigma.
  • At the judicial level: The archaic Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) recognises suicide attempt as a criminal offence and shall be punished with simple imprisonment for up to a year or with fine or both. The fear of judicial action is adding to the woes and keeping individuals from refusing to seek help.

Why prevention of suicide is important?

There are millions of people suffering with intense grief or profoundly impacted by suicidal behaviors. As per the reports by the International Association for Suicide Prevention and the World Health Organization, every year, an estimated 703,000 people take their life around the world. Additionally, for every death by suicide, there are about 20 other people making a suicide attempt or having serious thoughts of suicide. The scenario is equally alarming in India, according to the latest data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) 1,64,033 Indians committed suicide in 2021. These numbers are a proof enough to emphasize why suicide leaves a profound impact on those around them and is a public health concern.

What are the risk factors that instill suicidal thoughts?

People of any age, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic background can experience suicidal thoughts. The suicidal thoughts may either result from an ongoing mental health condition or from a deep suffering, emotional pain, and the belief that nothing will change. Some of the other factors that may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts include:

  • A family history of suicide
  • Recent death or bereavement of a loved one
  • History of trauma or abuse
  • Prolonged stress
  • Serious of Chronic Medical illness 
  • Fear and shame associated with failure 
  • Substance abuse

How to identify the ‘red flags’ or warning signs?

People with suicidal thoughts often show some typical sudden or gradual behavioral changes which may be identified as the ‘warning signs’ or ‘red flags’. The behavioral changes may include, but not be limited to:

  • Aggressive behavior
  • Impulsive or reckless behavior
  • Distrust or shunning
  • Withdrawal from friends, family, and the community 
  • Dramatic mood swings 
  • Increased alcohol and substance abuse

How to take action to prevent suicide?

Suicide can be prevented, if the person having thoughts or plans of suicide seeks help or receives timely help and support. In the fight against ‘suicide’ our most valuable resource is each-other. The International Association for Suicide Prevention and the World Health Organization, have decided on the “Creating hope through action” as the triennial theme for the World Suicide Prevention Day from 2021 - 2023. Working along the theme we can take small steps to create a huge impact by:

  • Raising awareness
  • Reducing the stigma around suicide
  • Encouraging understanding about the issue
  • Reaching out to people who are struggling
  • Sharing our experiences

The take home message: We can be the hope and beacon of light to those in pain. Our actions irrespective of big or small, we may provide hope to those who are struggling. It is important to set suicide prevention as a priority public health agenda. With efforts towards building on the theme ‘Creating hope through action’ a world can be envisioned where suicides are not so prevalent.

Disclaimer: The content (video/text) presented on this page should not be considered as a substitute for medical expertise. Please "DO NOT SELF-MEDICATE" and seek professional help regarding any health conditions or concerns. Practo will not be responsible for any act or omission arising from the interpretation of the content present on this page.