Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, the two soft pads of tissue at the back of the throat. They are part of the immune system and help fight infection, especially in early childhood. Tonsillitis is very common in children but can affect adults too, and most cases settle on their own within a week or so.
What causes it?
Tonsillitis is usually caused by viruses, the same ones that cause colds and flu. A smaller number of cases are caused by bacteria, most commonly streptococcus. It spreads easily through coughs, sneezes, and close contact, which is why outbreaks are common in schools and busy households.
Common symptoms
The main symptoms are a sore throat, pain when swallowing, and red or swollen tonsils, sometimes with white or yellow patches. Other signs include fever, swollen glands in the neck, headache, bad breath, and tiredness. Young children may also have tummy pain or simply refuse to eat.
How is it treated?
Most cases need only rest, plenty of fluids, and pain relief such as paracetamol or ibuprofen to ease the discomfort and bring down fever. Warm drinks and soft foods help. Antibiotics are only useful when a bacterial infection is confirmed or strongly suspected, so they are not always needed.
When should you see a doctor?
See a doctor if the sore throat is severe or lasts more than a few days, if there is a high fever, or if swallowing or breathing becomes difficult. Seek urgent help if your child is drooling, struggling to breathe, or unable to drink.
When is surgery considered?
Removing the tonsils, an operation called tonsillectomy, may be recommended if infections are frequent and severe, if they repeatedly disrupt school or work, or if enlarged tonsils cause breathing problems during sleep. An ENT specialist can advise whether surgery is the right step.
With the right care, most people recover fully and quickly, and surgery is reserved only for those who truly need it.
Disclaimer: This article is for general information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Please consult a qualified doctor for diagnosis and treatment.