A rheumatologist is an internist or pediatrician, who received further training in the diagnosis (detection) and treatment of musculoskeletal disease and systemic autoimmune conditions commonly referred to as rheumatic diseases. These diseases can affect the joints, muscles and bones causing pain, swelling, stiffness and deformity.
Autoimmune conditions occur when the immune system sends inflammation to areas of the body when it is not needed causing damage/symptoms. These diseases can also affect the eyes, skin, nervous system and internal organs. Rheumatologists treat joint disease similar to orthopedists but do not perform surgeries. Common diseases treated by rheumatologists include osteoarthritis, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic back pain, tendinitis, and lupus.
Many rheumatologists also conduct research to find a cause of and better treatment of a rheumatic disease.
How is a rheumatologist trained?
A rheumatologist must complete four years of medical or osteopathic education followed by three years of residency training in either internal medicine or pediatrics. Some rheumatologists are trained in both. After residency, they must enroll in a rheumatology fellowship for two to three years to learn about chronic musculoskeletal and autoimmune conditions and their treatment.
Rheumatologists then take a board examination to become board certified in rheumatology. This certification/exam has to be retaken every 10 years. Physicians are also required to participate in a certain amount of continuing medical education on a yearly basis.