Heavy rains in the state of Kerala have triggered an alarming surge in rat fever cases. The government has issued crucial advisories, and the news is making waves. In this article, we'll delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment of this health concern. Keep reading for the essential details you need!

What is RBF, Rat Bite Fever/Rat Fever?

Rats damage property and spread diseases to humans. One such disease is rat fever, caused by bacteria in rat mouths. The bacteria can transfer through bites, scratches, or contact with droppings. Antibiotics can cure the disease, but without treatment, it can cause severe complications or even death, sometimes.

Causes of Rat Fever

RBF has two types: Streptobacillary RBF (common in North America) caused by S. moniliformis, and Spirillary RBF (common in Asia) caused by S. minus bacteria. RBF occurs when these bacteria enter the body through wounds or mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, or mouth.

Spirillary RBF (Sodoku) symptoms: 

  • Fever (may come and go or occur repeatedly)
  • Swelling or ulcer at the bite wound (if present)
  • Swollen lymph nodes
  • Rash (about 50% of Sodoku cases) all over the body or near the bite wound

Symptoms appear 7-21 days after exposure to the bacteria.

Streptobacillary RBF symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Muscle pain
  • Joint pain or swelling (about 50% of RBF cases)
  • Rash (in about 75% of RBF cases)

Symptoms begin 3-10 days after bacterial contact but can be delayed up to 3 weeks.

Why is "Rat bite fever" a misleading term?

“Rat bite fever” is misleading because it suggests that rats themselves cause the fever. However, this is not the case, rats are only the carriers of the bacteria that cause the fever.  Other rodents like mice, squirrels, guinea pigs, and gerbils can also carry these bacteria. Even animals like dogs or cats can carry the bacteria if they have been in close contact with infected rodents or their droppings. 


Is Rat fever a life-threatening condition?

According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), rat fever can be life-threatening as without timely diagnosis and proper treatment, it can lead to severe illness and even death.

Which organ is affected by rat fever?

The following organs can be affected liver (hepatitis) and kidneys (nephritis), lung (pneumonia), brain and nervous system (meningitis), and heart (endocarditis, myocarditis, or pericarditis)

How is Rat fever treated?

Once Rat fever is confirmed through tests like physical examination and skin, blood, joint fluid, and lymph node tests, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. Starting treatment promptly after you become sick is crucial, as antibiotics are highly effective in curing the disease.

How can you prevent rat fever?

  • Wear protective gear, like gloves, to shield yourself
  • Refrain from touching your mouth and face after handling rodents
  • Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds after touching rodents, their cages, bedding, urine, or droppings
  • Clean your vegetables and fruits properly
  • Avoid areas with waterlogging

In conclusion: Rat fever needs timely diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics for a successful recovery. To prevent rat fever, practicing proper hygiene, wearing protective gear, and avoiding contact with rodents are essential precautions to take.

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