Hamstrings are a group of muscles situated onthe rear of the thigh. The proximal end of the hamstring muscle originated fromthe ischial tuberosity of the pelvis.
Hamstring muscles are the major flexors of theknee and also helps in hip extension.
Injury to the hamstring muscles primarilyoccurs proximally and is a common source of chronic pain and injury in athletes.
Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion injuries aremost common in actions that required quick acceleration such as running,jumping, water-skiing, hurdling, and kicking sports. The most common mechanismof injury is suddenly forced hip hyperflexion and ipsilateral knee extension.
Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion injury iswhere the proximal tendon completely tears away from the attachment withischial tuberosity. Proximal hamstring tendon avulsion injuries typically occurin a patient who is younger, skeletally immature athletes. And are the mostsevere type of hamstring muscle injury in the field of sports science.
Symptoms of Proximal hamstring tendon avulsioninjury include:
Complaint of sharp pain in the back of thethigh, or buttock with popping and tearing of the muscle.
Difficulty in standing or walking.
Weakness during flexion of the knee.
Ecchymosis of the posterior thigh.
Palpable mass in the mid of the thigh.
This injury is usually diagnosed with MRI.
Treatment of Proximal hamstring tendon avulsioninjury includes:
Rest, Cryotherapy, Activity modification,Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, and physiotherapy.
Physiotherapy treatment of proximal hamstringtendon avulsion injury includes:
In the initial days of injury do isometricmuscle contraction exercise for pain relief and muscle activation. Thenprogress to active assisted exercise.
Stretching of hip flexors, it will increase therate of recovery and minimize long-term loss of ROM by minimizing the scarringformation.
Eccentric strengthening exercises- For examplewith thera band, on the Swiss ball, hip hinges, hamstring curl, bridge walkout,Nordic drops.
Strengthening of hamstring synergist muscle-strengthening of gluteal muscle, adductor Magnus by one-legged bridging,squats, and split squats.
Soft tissue mobilization of the lumbar spine,sacroiliac joint, and buttock region.
Neuromuscular control- like single leg balanceon Bosu ball, single leg windmill touches.
Osteopathic treatment- such as muscle energytechnique (MET), kneading massage, Myofascial release of hip adductors.
Kinesio taping- it will improve circulation,support muscle, help to heal and prevent muscle injury.
And Extracorporeal shockwave therapy, etc.