Preterm labour occurs when the body begins preparing for birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy, leading to early contractions and changes in the cervix. Since the baby’s organs may still be developing at this stage, timely recognition and treatment are crucial. For many expecting mothers, preterm labour can feel unexpected, but understanding its early signs and risk factors can help prevent complications.

Several factors can increase the chances of preterm labour. Women carrying twins or triplets, those with a history of preterm birth, or those with uterine or cervical abnormalities may be at higher risk. Infections of the urinary or reproductive tract, chronic stress, short intervals between pregnancies, thyroid disorders, and high blood pressure can also contribute. Regular antenatal checkups allow doctors to monitor these risks closely.

 Recognising the early symptoms is essential. Frequent or regular contractions, a persistent dull lower backache, and a feeling of pelvic pressure are common early indicators. Any unusual vaginal discharge — whether watery, mucus-like, or blood-stained — should be taken seriously. Menstrual-like cramps or a noticeable decrease in the baby’s movements also require immediate attention. Even if these symptoms feel mild, contacting your doctor early can prevent further progression.

If preterm labour is confirmed, doctors may use medications to relax the uterus, steroids to support the baby’s lung development, or antibiotics if an infection is present. These treatments are aimed at delaying labour long enough to protect the baby’s health.

While not all cases can be prevented, certain habits significantly reduce the risk. Staying hydrated, eating a nutrient-rich diet, managing stress, taking adequate rest, and attending regular pregnancy checkups are key preventive measures. If you experience frequent contractions, fluid leakage,severe pain, or bright red bleeding, seek medical help immediately.

Staying informed and alert empowers mothers to respond quickly and ensures asafer, healthier pregnancy journey.