By Dr. Sayuj Krishnan, Consultant Neurosurgeon
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that slowly erodes a person's control over their body. The hallmark symptoms — tremors, slowness of movement, rigidity, and balance issues — create mounting challenges in everyday life. The emotional weight of this incurable condition often compounds the physical strain. However, understanding Parkinson's disease is the first step towards effective management and maintaining the best quality of life possible.
A Growing Burden in India
India is estimated to have the world's highest absolute number of Parkinson's patients. Studies suggest a prevalence rate varying between 15-43 per 100,000 population, translating to millions of people living with the disease. Alarmingly, India also sees a higher proportion of early-onset Parkinson's, with nearly half of patients experiencing symptoms between the ages of 22 and 49. This younger onset presents unique challenges for patients and their families.
Understanding the Disease Burden
While the exact cause of Parkinson's is unknown, it is linked to the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. This deficit in dopamine, a vital neurotransmitter, leads to the movement-related symptoms that characterize the disease. Genetics and environmental factors may both play a role.The toll of Parkinson's disease extends beyond motor function. It frequently manifests in non-motor symptoms like depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and cognitive changes, contributing to a significantly reduced quality of life for both patients and their caregivers.
Living with Parkinson's: A Multifaceted Approach
Though there is no cure for Parkinson's, a proactive, multidisciplinary approach can make an enormous difference. Here are key components of managing the disease:
Medication: Medications targeting dopamine replacement are a cornerstone of treatment.
Exercise: Regular exercise is one of the most powerful tools for maintaining mobility, flexibility, and balance in people with Parkinson's.
Complementary therapies: Mindfulness practices, yoga, tai chi, and support groups offer both physical and emotional benefits.
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): For some patients who experience significant symptom fluctuations or side effects from medication, DBS may be a suitable option. DBS is a neurosurgical procedure that involves:
- Targeting: Specific brain areas responsible for movement control are identified using advanced imaging scans (MRI, CT).
- Implantation: Thin electrodes are surgically placed in the targeted brain regions. These electrodes are connected to an implantable pulse generator (IPG), a pacemaker-like device usually placed under the skin in the chest area.
- Stimulation: The IPG delivers controlled electrical stimulation to the brain, disrupting the abnormal signals causing tremors, rigidity, and slowness.
DBS can dramatically improve symptoms for many patients, offering relief that medications alone cannot always provide. It is essential to discuss eligibility and potential risks with your neurologist and neurosurgeon.
The Importance of a Support Network
Living with Parkinson's is a journey, not a sprint. Patients must develop a strong support system that includes family, friends, healthcare providers, and other dedicated professionals. Don't be afraid to ask for help and connect with local Parkinson's organizations that can provide valuable resources and a sense of community.
Hope on the Horizon
Research into Parkinson's disease continues to make impressive strides. Scientists are tirelessly exploring new medications, innovative therapies, and a deeper understanding of this complex disease. While Parkinson's presents many unique hurdles, a combination of determination, expert care, and ongoing research gives us real reason for optimism.
About the author : Dr Sayuj Krishnan is a leading neurosurgeon in Hyderabad. You can reach him at dr.sayujkrishnan@gmail.com. Website: www.drsayujneurohyd.in