Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common and clinically significant metabolic disorder which has become a global pandemic and a significant health burden worldwide in recent decades. There is relative insulin deficiency due to pancreatic B-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in target organs.
Type 2 diabetics are more likely to suffer short- and long-term complications, which often lead to their premature death.
Diabetes mellitus :
It was estimated that 90% diabetes patients are diagnosed with type 2 and the majority of the remaining 10% of patients have type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Diabetes affects more than 537 million individuals across the globe and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Globally, the number of people with diabetes gradually increased from 285 million in 2009 to 425 million in 2017.
Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease characterized by gradual decline in beta cell dysfunction, with eventual upsurge in comorbidities involving vital systems like cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and cerebrovascular.