Subfertility affects nearly one in six couples and can result from factors involving either partner or both.
Fortunately, many causes are correctible, and timely identification can significantly improve the chances of natural conception or successful fertility treatment.
In women, ovulation disorders are among the commonest reversible causes.
Conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) now PMOS , thyroid dysfunction, elevated prolactin levels, obesity, and being underweight can interfere with regular ovulation.
Appropriate medical treatment, weight management, and lifestyle modification often restore fertility.
Nutritional deficiencies, uncontrolled diabetes, and excessive stress may also adversely affect reproductive function and should be addressed.
Tubal factors resulting from pelvic infections, endometriosis, or previous surgeries may sometimes be corrected through hysteroscopic or laparoscopic procedures.
Uterine abnormalities such as polyps, submucous fibroids, adhesions, and uterine septa can hinder implantation and are often amenable to hysteroscopic correction, improving pregnancy outcomes.
Male factors contribute to nearly half of all infertility cases.
Lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, inadequate sleep, and exposure to excessive heat can impair sperm production and quality.
Treating infections, correcting hormonal disturbances, managing varicocele in selected patients, and improving nutrition may lead to significant improvement in semen parameters.
Lifestyle optimisation remains a cornerstone of fertility care for both partners.
Maintaining a healthy body weight, engaging in regular physical activity, consuming a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, reducing stress, and avoiding tobacco and recreational drugs can positively influence reproductive health.
Equally important is the timing and frequency of intercourse. Many couples are unaware of the fertile window, and simple counselling regarding ovulation timing can enhance the likelihood of conception.
A comprehensive fertility evaluation helps identify these potentially reversible factors early.
Addressing correctible causes not only improves the chances of conception but may also reduce the need for advanced fertility treatments. Early consultation with a fertility specialist can help couples embark on the most appropriate and effective path toward parenthood.