Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to changes in cervical cells, potentially progressing to cancer over time. Other risk factors include a weakened immune system, smoking, long-term oral contraceptive use, and certain sexual behaviors.
Regular screening with advanced pap smear with HPV testing i. e. LBC pap smear with HPV screening and HPV vaccination are crucial for early detection and prevention.