Alcohol consumption has been popular since ancient times across all the civilizations. It has been an integral part of weddings, festivals and social gatherings. People have linked alcohol consumption to celebrations, success, freedom and rebellion. On one hand it gives a temporary sense of relaxation and joy by releasing Dopamine and on the other hand, alcohol misuse strains families, workplaces, and healthcare systems. Awareness, regulation, and treatment are essential to reduce India’s growing alcohol-related challenges.

Did You Know?

Around 160 million Indians consume alcohol. The legal drinking age in India varies by state ranging from 18 yrs to 25 yrs. Underage drinking still remains common despite these age restrictions. 

According to NFH Survey-4 done in 2015-1016, 29.2 % of Indian men and around 1.2 % of Indian women consumed alcohol. This number has significantly come down to 18% for males while there is a slight upward shift from 1.2 to 1.6 among women. 

Epidemiological studies show alcohol users had a 60% higher heart-attack risk. Alcohol-related disorders account for over 20% of psychiatric emergencies, brain injuries, and hospital admissions. 58% of chronic liver disease cases are linked to alcohol. 

There has been a notable increase in the alcohol consumption among Gen Z. This surge may be due to urbanization, peer pressure, FOMO and social media influence. Alcohol is the leading risk factor for premature death among people aged 20–39 yrs globally. 

One Peg a Day Boosts Heart Health?

The belief that “one peg a day is good for the heart” is popular especially among those who consume alcohol regularly. But is there any truth to this? This belief originated from the French Paradox, in the late 1900s. It was an observational finding that the French had relatively lower incidents of coronary heart diseases despite consuming a high-fat diet. This was attributed to the regular consumption of red wine in moderation but there were no scientific studies done on this. 

A large-scale study published in “The Lancet" found that even small amounts of alcohol may increase the risk of hypertension, cancer, liver disease, and stroke. The World Health Organization (WHO) and American Heart Association (AHA) no longer recommend alcohol for heart health. So, the idea that “one peg a day” is heart-healthy is a myth with outdated scientific backing.

Effects of Long Term Alcohol Consumption on Body:

  • Liver Damage: The liver metabolizes alcohol. Prolonged use of alcohol may lead to liver damage. The person may develop fatty liver which can progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis
  • Heart Diseases: Regular long term consumption of alcohol may increase the risk to develop hypertension, stroke and irregular heart beats. 
  • Cancer: Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) due to its toxic metabolite acetaldehyde. Regular consumption increases the risk of developing cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, colon, and breast.
  • Mental Health Issues: Alcohol is known for its dependency. Regular long term use can impair cognitive functions and may lead to depression and anxiety. 
  • Weakened Immune System: Alcohol suppresses the immune system and increases the risk to develop various infections.

Are You An Alcohol Dependent?

If you are addicted to alcohol, inform your friends and family and immediately seek professional help. You can also contact the National Drug De-Addiction Helpline (14446) or organizations like NDDTC-AIIMS or Alcoholics Anonymous India. Recovery is possible with medical support, support from family, motivation from peer groups, counselling sessions and if required in-patient rehabilitation.

Conclusion:

While occasional drinking of alcohol may seem fun and harmless, there is no scientifically proven safe limit to its consumption. Apart from emotional and financial burden on family, regular long term use puts the body under risk to develop various ailments. The previously believed popular opinion of “one peg a day is good for heart health” is nothing more than a myth with no scientific background. The long term harmful effects outweigh the benefits.

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