OVERVIEW

Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulates in all parts of the world. There are 4 types of seasonal influenza viruses, types A, B, C and D. Influenza A and B viruses circulate and cause seasonal epidemics of disease. 

Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes according to the combinations of the hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase(NA), the proteins on the surface of the virus. 

Currently circulating viruses in India are subtype A (H3N2) influenza.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Seasonal influenza is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, cough (usually dry), headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise (feeling unwell), sore throat and a runny nose. The cough can be severe and can last for two or more weeks. Most people recover from fever and other symptoms within a week without requiring medical attention or hospitalization.

TRANSMISSION

Seasonal influenza spreads easily, with rapid transmission in crowded areas including schools and shopping malls. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, droplets containing viruses (infectious droplets) are dispersed into the air and can spread up to one meter, and infect persons in close proximity who breathe these droplets in. The virus can also be spread by hands contaminated with influenza viruses. 

To prevent transmission, people with symptoms should wear a face mask or at least they should cover their mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing, and wash their hands regularly.

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES:

  • Regular hand washing with proper drying of the hands.
  • Good respiratory hygiene – covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, 
  • Using tissues and disposing of them correctly.
  • Early self-isolation of those feeling unwell, feverish and having other symptoms of influenza.
  • Avoiding close contact with sick people.
  • Avoiding touching one’s eyes, nose or mouth.

WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR?

  • If you have high grade fever not responding to paracetamol.
  • If your symtoms are troublesome & are diturbing your sleep.
  • If you symtoms do not subside within a week.
  • if you are a more than 60 years of age, a diabetic or suffer from a comdition of heart, kidney or lungs
  • If you are immumocompromised because of drugs or disease.

ADVISARY BY INDIAN MEDICAM ASSOCIATION - Avoid Antibiotics

Is there a vaccine for H3N2?

Currently, there is no vaccine for H3N2 infection. Scientists have taken early steps to start developing a vaccine; but, according to CDC, no decision to mass produce a vaccine has been made yet. 

The seasonal flu vaccine will not protect against H3N2 & is recomended only for high risk individuals.

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Thanks & Regards,

Dr Vinay Verma 

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