Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) also known as acid reflux disease is a very common digestive problem that affects millions of people. The reflux of stomach acid into the food pipe (esophagus) causes heartburn which is a classical symptom of GERD. 

What are the conditions that can put you at a risk of developing  GERD?

The risk factors associated with GERD include 

  • Smoking 
  • Acidity of food consumed 
  • Eating heavy meals especially during night time 
  • Obesity 
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Old age 
  • Pregnancy 
  • Certain medications like aspirin 

How to diagnose GERD?

GERD can be distinguished from other digestive disorders by its classical symptoms such as:

  • Heartburn (burning sensation in the chest region) after eating and increases when lying down and can radiate towards the mouth
  • Sour taste in the back of the mouth 
  • Sensation of food being stuck in the back of the throat 
  • Nausea and vomiting 
  • Sore throat and hoarseness 
  • Bronchospasm that can trigger underlying asthma

The routinely done diagnostic test is the upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, which helps to directly visualize the esophageal mucosa and the extent of damage can be assessed. Ambulatory pH testing is considered as a gold standard in the diagnosis of acid reflux disease. The test is carried out by placing pH probes (catheter or wireless capsule) into the esophagus for 24 to 48 hours. A pH of 4 or less is an indicator of GERD. 

What are the complications associated with GERD? 

  • If left untreated GERD can cause erosions and ulcerations of your food pipe, known as esophagitis
  • In severe cases, it can also cause bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Peptic strictures can also develop that change in the tissue lining the tube in your throat that carries food to your stomach

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