Have you been experiencing prolonged periods of extreme fatigue very frequently and without any apparent reason? Are you finding it hard to explain to others why you often feel exhausted and experience some unexplainable physical pains? You may be experiencing the symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Let us explore more about the condition through this health article. 

What is Chronic fatigue syndrome?

Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also referred to as systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). It is a complex medical condition characterized by extreme tiredness (fatigue) that lasts for a long time and does not go away with rest.

What are the causes for CFS?

The fatigue and exhaustion in CFS is often triggered for no obvious reason. Experts say that the exact causes for CFS are undetermined. In fact the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consider CFS as the end stage of a combination of different conditions rather than an independent condition. 

However, some of the factors that are considered as ‘probable causes’ for CFS include:

  • Infections - CFS can be seen following some viral and bacterial infections. The commonly associated viruses include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Rubella virus, Human herpesvirus 6, Ross river virus and the bacteria commonly associated with CFS include Coxiella burnetti and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
  • Genetics - Some people are genetically predisposed. Individuals with a family history of CFS are at higher risk of getting CFS 
  • Endocrine and hormonal conditions -  Endocrine disorders and hormonal imbalances such as thyroid disorders, diabetes, metabolic disorders may also cause CFS
  • Physical or psychological trauma - Recent or on-going history of physical or psychological trauma and stress may also be a cause for CFS
  • Existing medical conditions - Certain medical conditions such as chronic digestive issues, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, etc., also contribute to CFS
  • Miscellaneous - Improper diet and sleep, unexplained or sudden weight loss or gain, sudden change in physical activity, etc., may also contribute to CFS

What are the symptoms of CFS?

CFS presents as:

  • Extreme tiredness and exhaustion
  • Flu-like symptoms
  • Frequent headaches
  • Non specific muscle and joint pains
  • Variations in body temperature
  • Discomfort at night coupled with disturbed sleep
  • Chronic insomnia
  • Lack of concentration, diminished thinking skills and memory

Characteristically, CFS symptoms worsen with physical or mental exertion.

How is CFS diagnosed?

Since the exact causes for CFS is yet to be determined, there are no particular screening tests available for diagnosis for CFS. Moreover, the symptoms of CFS also interfere or mimic the symptoms of multiple other medical conditions making the diagnosis tricky. 

The diagnosis of CFs is often made by exclusion of other conditions and careful review of your medical condition.

What is the treatment for CFS?

Currently there is no proper cure for CFS and the treatment mainly includes addressing the symptoms. However, medications have not been considered as grateful in CFS as the symptoms keep varying.

Lifestyle modifications such as limiting caffeine intake to help for better sleep, activity management, maintaining proper sleep pattern, nutritional supplements, stress management, etc have proven helpful in managing CFS.

Alternative therapies like massages acupuncture, yoga, tai chi, etc., may also help relieve the pain associated with CFS

Take home message - Chronic fatigue syndrome or systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is a complex medical condition. It presents with variable symptoms and progresses differently in everyone. An interdisciplinary approach including doctors and physical therapists is recommended.

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