What  is exosomes?

Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles, 30–200 nm in diameter, that are produced by cells and play essential roles in cell–cell communication. Exosomes derived from various sources can deliver therapeutic agents such as small molecule drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins to cells by passive or active targeting. These exosomes  can encapsulate drugs inside the exosomes, extending drug half-life and increasing drug release stability. Exosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types. Internal vesicles form by the inward budding of cellular compartments known as multivesicular endosomes(MVE).

Benefits of exosomes 

•The regenerative treatments to promote hair growth are an emerging area of research. Exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles involved in cell communication, homeostasis ,differentiation, and organogenesis, have been shown to play a central role in hair morphogenesis and regeneration with potential for use as alopecia treatment.

•Exosomes  loaded with stem cells are helpful in targeted delivery.

•Exosomes exhibit a strong anti-inflammatory nature due to the presence of small molecular compound namely curcumin, that is known to protect  against brain inflammation evident in various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.

•Due the presence of active therapeutic compounds like curcumin, exosomes  express a higher degree of solubility, prolonged circulation time in the body, retained activity of drug therapy and improved brain delivery.

•Exosomes contain cargoes of growth factors, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, cytokines, miRNA(microRNA), and more, which together act as chemical “instructions” or messages to other cells that literally alter the function of the targeted cells that receive this information. These cellular instructions have been found to have a powerful biologic effect, and there are numerous scientific articles and research that support their regenerative and healing capacity in a variety of  areas of medicine including orthopedics, cardiology, dermatology ,dentistry/oral maxillofacial surgery, and other fields. Exosomes have been found to contain over 1000+ growth factors and bio signals like FGF, PDGF, VEGF, and many others that have been shown to be critical for promoting and accelerating healing, tissue regeneration, as well as improving hair follicle function.

•In addition , exosomes have the added potential of being a highly effective drug carrier due to their multiple adhesive surface proteins, which can provide delivery of various therapeutic agents to target cells, which is why they’ve attracted the attention (and financial investment) from the pharmaceutical industry.

Classification

Natural exosomes and engineered exosomes

•Exosomes are divided into natural exosomes and engineered exosomes based on whether they have been artificially modified. Ulteriorly, natural exosomes are divided into animal-derived exosomes and plant-derived exosomes. Because exosomes are produced under normal and tumor conditions, animal-derived exosomes are further divided into normal exosomes and tumor exosomes.

•Almost all types of normal cells can produce exosomes  ,like human umbilical vein endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), T cells, B cells ,macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells. For example, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCS) are pluripotent stem cells capable of self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation. MSCs can not only adapt to the tumor micro environment, but also have powerful paracrine activity and secrete a large number of exosomes

Indications and contraindications 

  • Androgenetic  alopecia
  •     Acne scars
  • Open pores
  • Pigmentation
  • Aging skin-fine lines and wrinkles ,skin tightening and lifting
  • Poor Response to Conventional Treatments
  • Uncontrolled Medical Conditions
  • Active Infections
  • Allergies or Hypersensitivity Reactions
  • Severe Bleeding Disorders 
  • Malignancies
  • Immunocompromised Patients

Side effects 

•There are no significant adverse reactions associated with exosome treatment have been reported so far.

 •Any side effects will come courtesy of the treatment performed before the application of the Exosome Regenerative Complex, such as a micro needling (only if not done in an ideal way).