Children in India are growing up in diverse environments — from urban cities to rural villages — with differing access to healthcare, nutrition, and physical activity. Their bones and joints are constantly developing, making them more prone to specific orthopaedic (bone and muscle-related) problems. Pediatric orthopaedics focuses on diagnosing, treating, and preventing such musculoskeletal issues in children.
Common causes of these problems include nutritional deficiencies, infections, injuries, congenital defects, and poor posture habits. Early detection and proper management are crucial, as untreated orthopaedic conditions can affect a child’s physical development and overall quality of life.
What are some of the common pediatric orthopaedic problems in Indian Children?
Dr Karthik Gudaru, who is one of the highly experienced pediatric orthopaedic surgeons in Hyderabad, Telangana, shares insights on some of them below:
1. Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
One of the most common congenital deformities seen in Indian newborns is clubfoot, where a baby’s foot is twisted inward and downward. This condition affects about 1 in every 1,000 live births. The exact cause may involve genetic and environmental factors, but it can often be corrected if treated early. The Ponseti method, involving gentle manipulation and casting, is the standard treatment. In severe cases, minor surgery might be needed. If untreated, the child may face difficulties in walking and lifelong disability.
2. Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)
DDH refers to improper development of the hip joint, where the hip socket does not fully cover the ball of the thigh bone. It can occur in newborns or infants, especially females. Early signs include asymmetrical skin folds on the thighs or a noticeable limp when the child begins walking. Regular screening in infancy helps in early diagnosis. Treatment may involve bracing in infants or corrective surgery in older children. Delayed treatment can lead to hip dislocation, pain, and arthritis in adulthood.
3. Rickets and Nutritional Bone Problems
In India, rickets remains a major cause of bone deformities in children, particularly in lower-income and rural areas. It occurs due to vitamin D deficiency, often from lack of sunlight exposure or poor diet. Children with rickets may have bowed legs, delayed walking, and soft, weak bones. Nutritional deficiencies in calcium and phosphorus also contribute to this problem. Prevention includes ensuring adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D supplementation, and exposure to sunlight.
4. Cerebral Palsy-Related Orthopaedic Issues
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often develop orthopaedic complications due to muscle imbalance and poor coordination. Common problems include joint contractures, scoliosis (spinal curvature), and hip dislocation. Regular physiotherapy, braces, and in some cases orthopaedic surgery are needed to improve mobility. With timely intervention, children with CP can achieve better physical function and independence......
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