Types of cerebral palsy-

Spastic – physical therapy can reduce the muscle tension and jerky movements associated with spastic cerebral palsy.  

Athetoid – People with athetoid cerebral palsy use physical therapy to increase muscle tone and gain more control over their movements.

• Cerebral palsy is a group permanent movement disorders. that appear in early childhood. 

• Cerebral palsy is due to abnormal brain development, often before birth.

 • A congenital disorder of movement, muscle tone or posture. 

• More than 1 million cases per year (India). 

Sign & symptoms- 

• Poor coordination. 

• Stiffness of muscles. 

• Weak muscles and tremors. 

• They may be problem with sensation,vision, hearing, swallowing, and speaking.

 • Constipation. 

• Difficulty raising the foot.

 • Teeth grinding or tremor. 

• Physical deformity. 

• Leak of urine. 

• Scissor gait. Etc. 

Causes of CP- 

• brain infections, such as encephalitis and meningitis.

 • severe jaundice in the infant. 

• gene mutations that result in abnormal brain development.

 • Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the developing brain before, during or after birth.

 • Premature birth and low birth weight.

Treatment

Treatment depends on severity-

 Long-term treatment includes physical and other therapies, drugs and sometimes surgery. Therapies-

Occupational Therapy, Stretching and Physical Therapy.

 Self-care-Physical exercise and Special education. 

Medications-Muscle Relaxant and Sedative.

 Treatment in Physiotherapy.

Exercise -Exercises such as stretching can even relieve stiffness over time.

Exercises such as stretching can even relieve stiffness over time. 

 For more specific advice please consult your physiotherapist or doctor.

Positioning-

Especially lying face down is a good position for a child to begin to develop control of the head, shoulders, arms, and hands, and also to stretch muscles in the hips, knees and shoulders. 

 wedges, foam rolls, towels can be used to stabilize the child's positions on the floor.

Split posterior tibial-tendon transfer in spastic cerebral palsy-

Sixteen split posterior tibial-tendon transfers, usually with heel-cord lengthening, were performed on sixteen children with spastic cerebral palsy and equinovarus deformities.

The patients were followed for a minimum of two years postoperatively. 

All of the varus deformities were corrected, although two patients required an osteotomy of the calcaneus because of fixed varus deformity. 

There were no recurrences of the varus deformities, nor were any valgus or calcaneal deformities produced, and the equinus element of the gait was eliminated.