Asthma is a chronic (long-term) respiratory disease where the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult.
How It Works:
Asthma causes three main changes in the airways, especially when exposed to a trigger:
Inflammation: The airway lining swells.
Bronchospasm: Muscles around the airways tighten (constrict).
Mucus Production: Excess mucus clogs the narrowed airways.
Symptoms (Flare-up/Attack):
Wheezing: A high-pitched, whistling sound when breathing out.
Shortness of breath or difficulty catching a breath.
Chest tightness or pressure.
Coughing, especially at night or early morning.
Common Triggers:
Allergens (pollen, dust mites, pet dander).
Respiratory infections (colds, flu).
Irritants (smoke, strong fumes, air pollution).
Exercise (exercise-induced asthma).
Cold air or sudden temperature changes.