This article provides comprehensive information about adenomyosis. Continue reading to learn more.

What is adenomyosis?

Adenomyosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows into the muscle wall of the uterus (myometrium). It causes the uterus to thicken and enlarge, sometimes doubling or tripling its usual size. It is common in women who:

  • Have undergone a procedure on their uterus
  • Are over 40 years old
  • Many women are unaware of having adenomyosis because it does not always cause symptoms. About one in three people with adenomyosis are asymptomatic (do not experience any signs or symptoms) (1).

Some of the signs or symptoms are following:

  • Painful menstrual cramps
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding
  • Abnormal menstruation
  • Pelvic pain with or without severe cramping
  • Painful intercourse
  • Infertility
  • Enlarged uterus
  • Bloating or feeling full in the belly

Cause of adenomyosis

The exact cause of adenomyosis is unknown. However, studies suggest that various hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, prolactin, and follicle-stimulating hormone, may trigger the condition.

Is adenomyosis cancerous?

No, adenomyosis itself does not cause or lead to cancer.

Treatment of adenomyosis

The treatment options depend on the severity of the medical condition and may include:

  • Pain medications
  • Hormonal and non-hormonal medications
  • Adenomyomectomy (surgical removal of adenomyosis-affected areas)
  • Hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus)

What happens if adenomyosis is left untreated?

If left untreated, adenomyosis can lead to infertility or miscarriage because the embryo cannot implant into the uterine lining.

How can you prevent adenomyosis?

Since the cause of adenomyosis is not well understood, healthcare providers do not know of any preventive measures.

Adenomyosis versus endometriosis

Both conditions involve abnormal tissue growth similar to the endometrium. The difference lies in the location of tissue growth.

  • Adenomyosis: Endometrial-like tissue grows into the muscle of the uterus.
  • Endometriosis: Endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, such as in the ovaries or fallopian tubes.

If experiencing any of the symptoms related to the condition, it is advisable to consult a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment guidance.

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1) professional, C.C. medical (no date) Adenomyosis: Causes, symptoms & treatment, Cleveland Clinic. Available at: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14167-adenomyosis#:~:text=The%20difference%20between%20these%20conditions,your%20ovaries%20or%20fallopian%20tubes. (Accessed: 12 July 2023).