Acne (pimples) is a common skin condition and can occur at any age, though it is more common during adolescence.
Acne is usually influenced by multiple factors.
The 4 major contributing factors are:
1) Increased oil (sebum) productionHormonal changes during adolescence can increase oil production. In some females, hormonal imbalance such as PCOS may also contribute.
2) Blocked pores (clogging)The lining of the pore may become thicker, leading to clogging and trapping oil inside.
3) Bacterial overgrowthTrapped oil in blocked pores can encourage bacterial overgrowth.
4) Inflammation
Inflammation can lead to progression of acne lesions, such as:
- comedones (blackheads, whiteheads)
- papules
- pustules
- nodules and sometimes cystic acne (more severe)
Why early treatment is important:
Acne can lead to post-acne marks and scarring, especially when lesions are deep, inflamed, or picked.
When to consult a dermatologist:
- painful acne
- deep nodules or cyst-like lesions
- scarring or frequent dark marks
- acne not improving with consistent basic care
- suspected hormonal association
This content is for general awareness and does not replace an in-person consultation.
About the Author
Dr Alok Kumar Sahoo is a Dermatologist and Dermatosurgeon based in Bhubaneswar. He has completed his MD (Dermatology & Venereology) from AIIMS, New Delhi.