High cortisol levels causes loss of neurons and impair the growth of new neurons, particularly in the hippocampus (brain area pertaining to memory functions) hindering the brain's ability to repair and adapt. It causes functional impairment in prefrontal cortex, which impairs executive functions like decision-making, focus, and emotional regulation. Stress increases activity in the amygdala, the brain's emotion center, which can lead to chronic anxiety and heightened fear responses. Prolonged high levels promote inflammation and accelerate the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.
Next Steps
Research evidence suggests that early detection and normalization of cortisol levels (e.g., through treating the underlying cause, via medication, psychological intervention, exercise or other lifestyle modifications) can help stop the progression of hippocampal damage and potentially improve cognitive functions.
Health Tips
Seek help with a mental health professional rather than thinking too much. Get yourself assessed if stress is taking a toll over your mental health and if so you can discuss further plan of management with him/her.