Hopefully you were advised to take Supplements and you are not taking them on your own, as the popular saying goes anything in excess is bad.
as you described, that you were a good badminton player and right after you jog in morning the symptoms start to appear. and also you face jamming of your joint after prolonged sitting. in office or while traveling. As per your history goes it might be a case of Chondromalacia patella (CMP) commonly seen in sports person, which basically is thinning of the cartilage in the knee joint often accompanied with pain while descending the stairs and clicking sound when trying to bend and unbend knee (flex/extend the joint). Still a knee examination would be needed to confirm the diagnosis of CMP. On other hand if you really have a poor diet routine and have been missing on valuable nutrient but still pushin your knee to the limits , can become a cause to arthritis. but few things to keep in mind is that Osteoarthritis(OA) knee will be jammed in morning right after you get up from bed and ease out as the day progresses. and that jamming usually takes around 2 hrs. from the time you are mobile to completely ween off.
Advise would be to strengthen your Quadriceps Muscle and Hamstring Muscle, so that the Weight of your body is taken up by the muscles and is not transmitted to the joint, wither its OA or CMP the exercise remains same because of the logic that cartilage needs to avoid pressure on it to prevent further damage to joint and its structures.
Next Steps
Confirm CMP / OA , get imaging studies done , X-RAY / (and (or)) MRI and seek a sports / orhtopaedic physiotherapist to get your knee evaluated and learn exercises, you may also go to Occupational Therapist if the thing is bothering you in your day to day activities such as driving, jogging, bathing, shopping or just hanging out.
Health Tips
No MODALITY WOULD ACTUALLY HELP TO TREAT YOUR CONDITION DIRECTLY its just that it may relieve pain for a while. Seek immediate appointment in-person so as to minimize the further damage. and learn how you would get in and out of car and also learn workplace ergonomics and exercise from your occupational therapist. STAY HEALTHY