Sadness is a human emotion that all people feel at certain times during their lives. Feeling sad is a natural reaction to situations that cause emotional upset or pain. There are varying degrees of sadness. But like other emotions, sadness is temporary and fades with time. In this way, sadness differs from depression.
Depression is a longer-term mental illness. It impairs social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning. Left untreated, symptoms of depression may last for a long time.
Keep reading to learn more about the differences between depression and sadness.
Symptoms
When you’re sad, it may feel all-encompassing at times. But you should also have moments when you are able to laugh or be comforted. Depression differs from sadness. The feelings you have will affect all aspects of your life. It may be hard or even impossible to find enjoyment in anything, including activities and people you used to enjoy. Depression is a mental illness, not an emotion.
Symptoms of depression may include:
constant feelings of sadnessirritabilityfatiguechanges in sleeping or eating patternsdifficulty concentratingloss of interest and enthusiasm for things which used to provide pleasurefeelings of deep, unwarranted guiltphysical symptoms, such as headaches or body aches that do not have a specific causefeelings of worthlessnessconstant thoughts about deathsuicidal thoughts or actions
You may have some of these symptoms if you are sad, but they shouldn’t last more than two weeks. Suicidal thoughts are a sign of depression, not sadness.
Depression
Mental health professionals use the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5 criteria) to help determine if someone is sad or depressed. You may receive a diagnosis of depression or persistent depressive disorder if you meet the criteria.
The DSM-5 criteria include nine potential symptoms of depression. The severity of each symptom is also weighed as part of the diagnostic process. The nine symptoms are:
feeling depressed throughout each day on most or all dayslack of interest and enjoyment in activities you used to find pleasurabletrouble sleeping, or sleeping too muchtrouble eating, or eating too much, coupled with weight gain or weight lossirritability, restlessness, or agitationextreme fatigueunwarranted or exaggerated feelings of guilt or worthlessnessinability to concentrate or make decisionssuicidal thoughts or actions, or thinking a lot about death and dying
Next Steps
Talk to psychologist if you experience sadness for longer than two weeks. And call emergency services to receive immediate medical help if you’re having suicidal thoughts.
Note if your feelings interfere with your ability to function, take part in life, or experience enjoyment. Speaking to a professional, like a therapist, clergy member, or other trusted person, can be a powerful first step toward recovery.
Health Tips
If you’re experiencing sadness, some minor lifestyle changes may help.
Connect with other people. Make a phone call, take a yoga class, or join a jogging club, knitting circle, or another group that interests you.Build in time each day for an activity you enjoy.Watch funny television shows or movies, or read a lighthearted or funny book.Engage in physical activities or sports.If you love animals, spend time each day with a furry friend.Do not self-medicate through the use of drugs or alcohol.Treat yourself kindly by eating healthy and trying to get enough sleep.If you have trouble sleeping, try meditating or taking a warm bath before bed.Simplify your life as best you can.
Lifestyle changes can also help you feel better if you’re experiencing depression. But these changes may not be enough. If you’re depressed, psychological counseling with a professional you trust can make a difference. This type of counseling is also known as talk therapy.