You do have gum recession . It seems to be connected to mal-alignment of your teeth. The upper central incisors seem to bd palatally inclined and the lower central incisors are buccally inclined. . This inclination may be crowding aggravated by impacted third molars
Inclination of teeth affects the position of the gums on teeth..
Regarding loosening of teeth after cleaning, it is common to feel like this when the tartar , deposited on teeth surfaces in the shape of a bridge , is removed. The teeth feel single (separate) and unsupported and a bit loose.
The gum inflammation should get relieved within this week too.Maintain your oral hygiene and seek an appointment with a periodontist if you still feel the same after two weeks.
iAlso, to let you know, there is soft tissue (Periodontal ligament) between tooth and supporting bone. . This tissue, even when mildly inflamed near the gum , can lead to a feeling of loose teeth. This feeling usually disappears within a week.
Regarding your fear of loss of enamel, it’s the tartar , plaque and stains that are removed during scaling - manual or ultrasonic.
Next Steps
Get a thorough check up done.
OPG,
Any need for orthodontic treatment.
,upper labial frenectomy( if needed) An abnormal frenum can aggravate recession of gums.
Health Tips
Maintain oral hygiene instructions. Use soft brush and do your brushing using the correct technique.