Uterine fibroid are benign growths which are formed in the smooth muscles of the uterine walls during a woman's child-bearing years.

Signs and symptoms include changes in menstrual cycle from being irregular, excessive flow with clots to painful menses. There can be increased frequency of urination or urgency when the fibroids press the bladder. If it presses the rectum it can cause constipation. Other symptoms can be infertility and abdominal pain. In some cases, fibroids are asymptomatic also.

The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, however, there are various factors which lead to fibroids such as genetics which seems to run in families, obesity and early onset of puberty are known to increase the risk of fibroids

Pelvic examination is a diagnostic method for fibroids. Ultrasonography either transabdominal or transvaginal is the best method to diagnose fibroids. MRI to check for size-specific location. Hysterosalpingography is done if it is associated with infertility.

Therapeutic measures include medications like GNRH gonadotropin releasing hormone by blocking the production of estrogen and progesterone thus stopping menstruation causing fibroid to shrink, OC pills, progestin releasing IU device, MRI guided focussed ultrasound surgery, abdominal myomectomy and hysterectomy.