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Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is a series of medical treatments administered after a person has been potentially exposed to the rabies virus. Rabies is a viral infection that affects the central nervous system and is typically transmitted through the bite or scratch of an infected animal.
The goal of post-exposure prophylaxis is to prevent the rabies virus from spreading to the central nervous system and causing the disease. The treatment usually involves a combination of wound care, vaccination, and administration of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Here are the general steps involved in rabies post-exposure prophylaxis:
Wound care: The first step is to thoroughly clean and wash the wound with soap and water for several minutes. This helps remove the virus from the wound site and reduces the risk of infection.
Vaccination: The next step is to administer a series of rabies vaccine shots. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends using a purified chick embryo cell (PCEC) or a purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV). The vaccine is typically given intramuscularly in the upper arm or thigh. The vaccination schedule usually involves a total of four or five doses over a span of 14 to 28 days. However, in some cases, an accelerated vaccination schedule may be used.
Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG): In addition to vaccination, a rabies immunoglobulin may be administered. RIG contains antibodies that help neutralize the rabies virus and provide immediate protection. It is usually given as a single dose, with a portion injected around the wound and the remaining dose given intramuscularly at a different site from the vaccine injection.
It's important to note that rabies post-exposure prophylaxis should be initiated as soon as possible after a potential exposure to the virus. The specific treatment regimen may vary depending on factors such as the severity and location of the exposure, the vaccination history of the person, and local guidelines and protocols.
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