HBV Viral Load

Hepatitis B Viral Load CMIA Blood Test is used to detect the presence of Hepatitis B viral load or Hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) in the blood of chronically infected patients. This test helps to distinguish active from an inactive infection in Hepatitis B chronic infected individuals. It also helps to monitor and evaluate the treatment response in individuals receiving anti-viral treatment.

What is Hepatitis B Infection?

Hepatitis B infection is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is one type among the other types of viral hepatitis. This infection can spread from one person to another through contact with infected blood and body fluids. Common symptoms of this infection are dark urine, fatigue, fever, abdominal discomfort, weakness, loss of appetite, yellowing of eyes, joint and muscle pain. Symptoms usually appear about one to four months after the occurrence of infection.

Normally in most of the cases, this infection does not last for a long time. Your immune system fights it off within a few months. However, if you have it for more than six months, you are called a carrier. Mostly, adults may recover from this infection fully within a short period of time. Infants and children are more likely to develop a long-lasting infection.

What is Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)?

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that causes Hepatitis B infection. It belongs to the Hepadnavirus family. HBV contains an outer envelope and an inner core. The outer envelope contains a surface protein called the hepatitis B surface antigen or (HBsAg). The inner core is a protein shell known as the hepatitis B core antigen or (HBcAg). This antigen is consist of hepatitis B virus DNA and enzymes needed for the multiplication of the HBV.

The HBV enters the liver cell of the individuals and is transported into the nucleus of the liver cell. Once it reaches inside the nucleus, the viral DNA is released and replication starts. The virus starts multiplying in the liver cells and this leads to severe infection.

The presence of HBV DNA levels is normally detected in blood by 30 days following infection. It is a reliable marker of active HBV replication (copying).

Why this test is performed?

This test is performed to distinguish active from an inactive HBV infection. This test is also recommended in individuals receiving treatment for Hepatitis B infection to monitor and evaluate the treatment response. This helps to know whether there the treatment is working to reduce your viral load. This test helps to differentiate between the active and inactive disease states in chronic HBV infection. This test is correlated with other HBV tests and liver function tests to determine appropriate treatment.

Precautions:

Contaminated blood samples may give false positive results. In such cases, it is recommended to do a new sample collection and repeat the test.

The test results may be vary depending on gender, age, health conditions, and stage of infection.

If the test results are positive it shows the presence of Hepatitis B viral load in the blood. If the persistence Hepatitis B viral load is very high and signs of liver damage are present, it may indicate that you are at an active stage of Hepatitis B infection (replicative) and need treatment.

If undetectable or low viral loads and no signs of liver damage, it may indicate that you are at an inactive stage of Hepatitis B infection (nonreplicative).

In individuals receiving treatment for hepatitis infection presence of high viral loads indicates a poor response to treatment. In pregnant women with high viral loads may indicate a need for treatment during their third trimester of pregnancy to reduce the risk of infection in newborns.

If the test results are negative it indicates the Hepatitis B viral load is undetected in the blood sample or the viral load levels are below the detection limit of the assay. In individuals receiving treatment for hepatitis infection absence of Hepatitis B viral load indicates a likely response to treatment.