Brucella Test

Brucella test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Brucella Agglutination in the blood.It is performed to confirm Zoonotic Disease and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Zoonotic Disease.

The main pathogenic species of Brucella are Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis and Brucella abortus. Brucella melitensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus bacterium from the Brucellaceae family. It mainly affects the reproductive tract of goats and sheep, and in some regions is the major cause of abortion in them. It can also negatively impact fertility and lactation over time. B. melitensis has the broadest host range, infecting cattle, camels and dogs, in addition to sheep, goats and humans. Brucella suis infections in pigs causes chronic inflammatory lesions in the reproductive organs or orchitis and may affect joints and/or other organs. Similar to B. melitensis, B. suis can cause abortion in pregnant hosts. Other impacts of the disease are sterility, posterior paralysis and spondylitis. It is transmitted mainly by ingestion of infected tissues or fluids. It can cause undulant fever. B. suis are gram-negative, facultative intracellular coccobacilli and can specifically produce in phagocytic cells. They are also non-spore-forming, non-capsulated, and non-motile. Brucella suis are differentiated into five strains. Strains 1-3 infect boars and pigs. Strain 2 has been found in wild boars but without signs of infection while they do infect pigs and hares. Brucella abortus is a species of the genus Brucella. Natural hosts of B. abortus are cattle and other bovidae. Abortion and placentitis are common effects on the pregnant animal.

When humans come in contact with an infected animal or animal products that are contaminated with Brucella, brucellosis may result. Most human infections are occupational. Over 70 percent of reported cases of brucellosis occur in the meat-processing and livestock industries. Infection is generally via skin wounds, but the organisms can also be inhaled. A common route of Brucella infection is eating or drinking infected dairy products that have not been pasteurized. Human infections are caused most frequently by B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. abortus, while B. canis causes only rare infections. B. melitensis is the most virulent. People infected with B. melitensis can suffer serious complications, including infection and inflammation of the bones and joints, and occasionally, the heart and brain. Incubation period is one to three weeks, and flu like symptoms appear in the infected person, such as fever, sweats, headache, back pain, and weakness. Severe complications such as CNS infections or infections in the heart lining occur in about 5 percent of cases. Chronic symptoms like recurrent fever, arthritis, and fatigue may occur up to one year from illness onset. Brucellosis plays an important role in the economy and health of many developing countries because of its impact on both livestock and humans. A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes BRUCELLOSIS. Its cells are nonmotile coccobacilli and are animal parasites and pathogens. The bacterium is transmissible to humans through contact with infected dairy products or tissue.