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The factors which may trigger a head ache range from lack of sleep, disturbed sleep, excessive intake of alcohol, excessive intake of caffeine, stress, some
infections like sinusitis, meningitis, encephalitis; and increase in blood pressure.

Headache becomes a serious issue when it starts to disturb our day to day activities and when the causes are directly related to central nervous system (brain and spinal cord ) which are life threatening like encephalitis, meningitis, brain tumors (cancer), intracranial bleeding and brain aneurysms. Such cases need emergency medical and surgical intervention.

Causes of headache may be categorized into two categories namely- primary headaches and secondary headaches. Primary headaches include- headaches caused by stress, excessive alcohol intake, disturbed sleep and migraine. Secondary headaches include-sinusitis, ear infection, meningitis, brain tumor, and intracranial bleeding.

Medical line of treatment include painkillers like ibuprofen, anti hypertensive drugs, if infection is the cause then antibiotics. Surgical line of treatment includes craniotomy, lumbar puncture, and burr hole surgery to reduce intracranial pressure.

A migraine is one of the causes of headache. Headache is called a migraine headache when it is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Migraine headaches may have warning symptoms like aura, and are usually triggered by stress, lack of sleep, cold food and drinks, staying in the sun.