There seems to be no respite from viral infections any time soon. Just as we were recovering from the strongholds of COVID, it seems like another virus is on the loose and spreading fast in India. There has been a steady surge of cases of H3N2 influenza virus infection across India with 2 reported deaths due to the infection till date. In this health article we bring forward to you the details you need to know about the virus, spread of infection, risk factors, symptoms, treatment, and the Do’s and Don'ts to protect yourself from getting infected.

What is the H3N2 influenza virus?

H3N2 influenza virus as the name suggests is a sub-type of the influenza virus (influenza A virus) that is known to cause respiratory infections in humans. It mainly causes symptoms similar to that of any other flu.

How does H3N2 spread?

H3N2 is an extremely contagious virus and it spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets produced while speaking, coughing, or sneezing by an infected person.

A person may also contact H3N2 virus when they touch their nose or mouth after touching any infected surfaces.

Who is at risk of getting infected?

People with naturally low immune responses (or a suppressed immunity) are at greater risk of getting infected. The generally susceptible group includes:

  • Young children 
  • Pregnant women
  • Elderly people
  • People with comorbidities

What are the symptoms of H3N2?


The mild cases present with upper respiratory tract infections and general symptoms of malaise such as:

  • Cough
  • Sneezing and runny nose
  • Sore throat (throat pain)
  • Nausea or vomiting 
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Body pains and muscle aches
  • Diarrhea (less common)

As the diseases progresses it may cause much serious symptoms including:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Severe pneumonia
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Shock and even death

How long do the symptoms of H3N2 last for?

  • The Indian Medical Association (IMA) states that H3N2 infection generally lasts for five to seven days.
  • The symptoms start regressing around day three
  • The cough may continue for up to three weeks
  • In case there is difficulty in breathing, pain in throat while swallowing, or pain in the chest it is recommended to consult a doctor immediately

What is the treatment for H3N2?

  • For mild cases the recommended treatment is ample rest, plenty of fluid intake, and medications for symptomatic relief
  • The severe cases may require prescription antiviral medications
  • WHO also recommends that in suspected and confirmed cases, neuraminidase inhibitors should be prescribed ideally, within 48 hours following symptom onset 

Is there any vaccine available for H3N2?

Influenza vaccine may provide protection against H3N2 in healthy adults, however, in adults with comorbidities and in the elderly the vaccine may not be effective in providing protection against H3N2, but helps reduce the severity of the diseases, risk of further complications, and death.

In India the advisory committee on vaccines and immunization practices has not made the influenza vaccine mandatory for Universal Immunization Program (UIP) yet. However, the Government of India identifies certain high-risk groups and recommends that they get vaccinated against influenza. The high risk groups include:

  • Elderly individuals (65 years of age and older)
  • Children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years
  • Pregnant women irrespective the stage of pregnancy
  • Individuals with comorbidities
  • Health care workers

Do’s and Don'ts to protect yourself from getting infected


  • Wear masks in public places
  • Cover your nose and mouth while coughing and sneezing
  • Avoid touching your face, mouth, and nose
  • Practice frequent hand sanitization 
  • Avoid spitting in public areas
  • Do not ignore your symptoms as seasonal cold or cough
  • In case of fever and body aches, take paracetamol
  • Avoid self medicating with antibiotics
  • Stay hydrated and consume plenty of fluids
  • Avoid using contact-based greetings such as shaking hands 
  • Avoid unnecessary exposure and being in heavily crowded areas
  • Avoid being around people who are visibly sick

Take home message - We are all very well aware of the devastation COVID has caused, and we definitely do not want to face an outbreak again by yet another virus. The best way to counter the situation is taking precautions and staying vigilant to stop the spread of the disease and report to the doctor without delay in case of any symptoms. 

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