What is a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)?

A UTI is an infection in any part of your urinary system — kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra.

Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and urethra

Common Symptoms of UTI:

  • Burning or pain during urination
  • Frequent urge to urinate, even when the bladder is empty
  • Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
  • Pain in the lower abdomen or back
  • Fever or chills (may indicate a kidney infection)
  • Blood in the urine (in some cases)

Causes:

UTIs are usually caused by bacteria (commonly E. coli) entering the urinary tract through the urethra. 

Factors that increase risk:

  • Poor hygiene
  • Holding urine for long periods
  • Sexual activity
  • Diabetes or weakened immune system
  • Enlarged prostate (in men)
  • Catheter use or urinary tract abnormalities

Types of UTI:

  • Cystitis – Bladder infection
  • Urethritis – Infection of the urethra
  • Pyelonephritis – Kidney infection (more serious)

Diagnosis:

  • Urine test (urinalysis and culture)
  • Ultrasound or other imaging (if recurrent or complicated)

Treatment:

  • Antibiotics (as prescribed by your doctor)
  • Pain relievers for burning or discomfort
  • Drinking adequate amount of water to flush out the bacteria

Prevention Tips:

  • Stay well hydrated
  • Don’t hold urine for too long
  • Wipe front to back after using the toilet
  • Urinate after sexual activity
  • Avoid irritating feminine products
  • Maintain good personal hygiene