A Pap smear, also known as a Pap test, is a screening procedure for cervical cancer. During a Pap smear, a healthcare provider collects cells from the cervix using a small brush or spatula. These cells are then examined under a microscope to detect any abnormalities, such as precancerous or cancerous cells. Pap smears are an important tool in detecting cervical cancer early when it's most treatable. It's recommended that most women begin Pap smear screening at age 21 and continue regularly, typically every 3 to 5 years, depending on individual risk factors and guidelines from healthcare providers.