By Dr. Prakash Agarwal, MBBS, FIM(INTERNAL MEDICINE)

A heat wave is a prolonged period of excessively high temperatures, often combined with humidity, which can seriously affect human health. In recent years, heat waves have become more frequent and intense, especially in countries like India. Extreme heat can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and even life-threatening heat stroke if proper precautions are not taken.

What Happens to the Body During a Heat Wave?

Our body maintains a normal temperature through sweating and cooling mechanisms. During extreme heat, the body struggles to cool itself, leading to:

  • Excessive sweating
  • Loss of water and salts
  • Weakness and fatigue
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Increased heart rateHeat stroke in severe cases

Children, elderly people, pregnant women, outdoor workers, and patients with diabetes, hypertension, or heart disease are at higher risk.

Common Symptoms of Heat-Related Illness

1. Heat Exhaustion

  • Heavy sweating
  • Muscle cramps
  • Headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Weakness

2. Heat Stroke (Medical Emergency)

  • Very high body temperature
  • Confusion or unconsciousness
  • Dry hot skin
  • Seizures
  • Difficulty breathing

Heat stroke requires immediate medical attention.

How to Protect Yourself During Heat Waves

Important Precautions

  • Drink plenty of water even if not thirsty
  • Avoid direct sunlight between 11 AM and 4 PM
  • Wear light-colored loose cotton clothes
  • Use caps, umbrellas, or sunglasses outdoors
  • Avoid strenuous exercise in peak heat
  • Eat fresh fruits and light meals
  • Keep rooms cool and ventilated
  • Never leave children or elderly persons in parked vehicles

Foods Helpful in Summer

Include these in your daily diet:

  • Watermelon
  • Cucumber
  • Coconut water
  • Lemon water
  • Buttermilk
  • Fresh seasonal fruits

Avoid excessive tea, coffee, alcohol, and oily foods as they may worsen dehydration.

First Aid for Heat Stroke

If someone develops symptoms of heat stroke:

  1. Move the person to a cool shaded place
  2. Remove excess clothing
  3. Give cool water if conscious
  4. Apply wet cloths or ice packs
  5. Seek immediate medical help

Conclusion

Heat waves are not just uncomfortable; they can become dangerous if ignored. Awareness, hydration, and timely precautions can save lives. During summer, prioritize your health and protect vulnerable family members from extreme heat exposure.

Stay hydrated, stay cool, and stay safe.

DR. PRAKASH AGARWAL
CONSULTANT PHYSICIAN