Kidney stones are deposition of minerals and its acid salts in kidney.

two types of kidney stone 

1.obstructive 

2.nonobstructive

Usually obstructive stone causes kidney failure if they left untreated for  long time

Nonobstructive stone can also cause acute kidney failure if these stone gets infected and cause pyelonephritis

Stone may present anywhere in urinary tract starting from pelvycalyceal system to tip of urethra(Calyx,pelvis,puj,ureter,vuj,bladder,urethra)

If stone found in kidney on ultrasonography,and if that stone is small (less than 6 mm )usually it wont causes obstruction for urinary flow

but if stone present in kidney is large more than 1 cm ,it may hinder the flow of urine and cause obstruction 

If stone found in ureter, any size of stone in ureter  can obstruct flow of urine and cause obstruction

If stone found in bladder it can obstruct the flow when stone gets lodge in neck of bladder

If stone found in urethra it will cause acute urinary retension 

If you suspect you have a kidney stone or are experiencing symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated and certain medications can help pass smaller stones. In more severe cases, medical interventions such as shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, or surgery may be necessary to remove or break up larger stones.

How to diagnose kidney stone?

The doctor may recommend some diagnostic tests to confirm the presence of stones and determine their size, location, and number. 

Here are some diagnostic tests recommended by the kidney stone doctors –

Imaging tests – Includes abdominal X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans.

Blood tests – To examine the contents of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and electrolytes.

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine – To determine any abnormal functioning of the kidneys.

Feeling pain in your lower back or side of your body. ...Urinalysis – To assess urine contents and indicate any bacteria, blood, etc.

 Most common causes of kidney failure

1.Diabetes mellites

2.Hypertension

3.Autoimmune kidney disease

4.Obstructive kidney stone 

5.Infection of kidney(pyelonephritis)

6.Congenital malformation in kidney