It is a neurological disorder that affects a child’s movement, motor skills, and muscle tone. In most cases, cerebral palsy is caused by brain damage that develops while the baby is still in utero or during or shortly after birth.There is currently no cure for cerebral, but there are numerous treatment options that can help babies and children live quality lives that turn into successful adult lives.it is can lead a number of other medical conditions, depending on the severity of the disorder.
IOthercal issues associated with cerebral palsy include:
*Speech problems.
*Learning disabilities.
*Problems with hearing and vision.
Spastic Cerebral Palsy:-
1 Failure to reach milestones in walking, crawling, and sitting up.
2 Abnormal movement.
3 Movement inhibition.
4 Stiff muscles.
5 Muscles tend to become stiffer the more the child moves.
6 Difficulties with controlling individual muscles.
7 Difficulties moving from one position to another.
Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy:-
1 Repetitive, twisting motions (dystonia).
2 Slow, writhing movements (athetosis).
3 Unpredictable, irregular movements (chorea).
4 Awkward posture.
5 Movements can range from slow to rapid and can be accompanied by pain.
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy:-
It’s the least common type of cerebral palsy, marked by poor balance, incoordination, tremors, and shaky movements.
Mixed Cerebral Palsy:-
Mixed cerebral occurs when the child has two or more types of the aforementioned types of cerebral palsy. Spastic-dyskinetic cerebral is the most common type of mixed cerebral palsy. When children have mixed cerebral palsy, they may exhibit a combination of symptoms, matching each type of the disorder they have.
causes:-
1 asphyxia neonatorum, or a lack of oxygen to the brain during labor and delivery.
2 gene mutations that result in abnormal brain development.
3 severe jaundice in the infant.
4 maternal infections, such German measlesand herpes simplex.
5 brain infections, such as encephalitis and meningitis.
6 intracranial hemorrhage, or bleeding into the brain.
7 head injuries as a result of a car accident, a fall, or child abuse.
Symptoms:-
1 overdeveloped or underdeveloped muscles, leading to stiff or floppy movements.
2 poor coordination and balance, known as ataxia.
3 involuntary, slow writhing movements, or athetosis.
4 stiff muscles that contract abnormally, known as spastic paralysis.
5 crawling in an unusual way.
6 lying down in awkward positions.
7 favoring one side of the body over the other.
8 a limited range of movement.
9 late achievement of developmental milestones such as crawling, walking, or speaking.
10 hearing and eyesight problems.
11 problems controlling bladder and bowel movements.
12 seizures.
13 drooling, and problems with feeding, sucking, and swallowing.
14 being easily startled.
diagnosed:-
A doctor will diagnose CP by taking a complete medical history, performing a physical exam that includes a detailed neurological exam, and evaluating the symptoms. Additional testing can also be performed:
1 An electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to evaluate the electrical activity in the brain. It may be ordered when someone is showing signs of epilepsy, which causes seizures.
2 An MRI scan uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce detailed images of the brain. It can identify any abnormalities or injuries in the brain.
3 A CT scan creates clear, cross-sectional images of the brain. It can also reveal any brain damage.
4 A cranial ultrasound is a relatively quick and inexpensive method of using high-frequency sound waves to get basic images of the brain in young infants.
5 A sample of blood may be taken and tested to rule out other possible conditions.
Treatment:-
The goal of treatment is to improve limitations and prevent complications. Treatment may include assistive aids, medications, and surgery.
Other treatment:-
1 speech therapy.
2 physical therapy.
3 occupational therapy.
4 recreational therapy.
5 counseling or psychotherapy.
Some of the benefits by cerebral palsy type include:
1 Spastic – Physical therapy can reduce the muscle tension and jerky movements associated with spastic cerebral palsy. Exercises such as stretching can even relieve stiffness over time.
2 Athetoid – People with athetoid cerebral palsy use physical therapy to increase muscle tone and gain more control over their movements.
3 Ataxic – There are exercises that can improve balance problems faced by those with ataxic cerebral palsy.
Benefits of Physical Therapy for Cerebral Palsy:-
There are many benefits of physical therapy, from improving mobility to preventing future issues such as contractures and joint dislocations by keeping the body strong and flexible. Many children with CP increase their level of self-reliance through physical therapy.The main goal of physical therapy is to make everyday movements easier for children with cerebral palsy.Physical therapy can improve:
*Coordination
*Balance
*Strength
*Flexibility
*Endurance
*Pain management
*Posture
*Gait
*Overall health.
Some of the benefits by cerebral palsy type include:
1 Spastic – Physical therapy can reduce the muscle tension and jerky movements associated with spastic cerebral palsy. Exercises such as stretching can even relieve stiffness over time.
2 Athetoid – People with athetoid cerebral palsy use physical therapy to increase muscle tone and gain more control over their movements.
3 Ataxic – There are exercises that can improve balance problems faced by those with ataxic cerebral palsy.Physical therapists also tailor treatment based on the location of movement issues. Movement issues in children with cerebral palsy can be limited to one half of the body (hemiplegia), the legs (diplegia) or in the torso and all four limbs (quadriplegia). Therapists prescribe special exercises and routines for hemiplegia, diplegia and quadriplegia that may help the child regain movement in the affected area over time.
Physical therapy can also treat a range of other issues experienced by children with CP, including:
1 Scoliosis – an abnormal curvature in the spine, common in up to 30 percent of children with cerebral palsy.
2 Thoracic kyphosis – a contortion of the upper spine.
3 Lumbar lordosis – a contortion of the lower spine.
4 Pelvic inclination – a protrusion of the pelvis either in the front or rear.
5 Pelvic rotation – a horizontal contortion of the pelvis.
6 Pelvic obliquity – a contortion of the pelvis at angle.
7 Knee deformity – abnormally straight or bent knees that may be caused by pelvic deformities.
8 Shortened Achilles tendon – a shortened tendon that causes issues with walking and standing.
9 Hand and wrist deformities – abnormal flexing in the hand and wrist that prevents development of fine motor skills.
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