Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), is a medical emergency where the blood flow to an area of the brain is suddenly cut off, causing brain cells to die from a lack of oxygen and nutrients.Types of StrokeStrokes are broadly categorized based on their cause:Ischemic Stroke (Clot): The most common type (about 87%). It happens when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked by a clot (thrombosis) or by a clot that traveled from another location (embolism).Hemorrhagic Stroke (Bleed): This occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures or leaks, causing blood to spill into the brain tissue, creating pressure and damaging cells. This is often linked to high blood pressure.Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Often called a "mini-stroke," a TIA is caused by a temporary clot. Symptoms are the same as a stroke but resolve quickly, usually within minutes. A TIA is a critical warning sign of a future, major stroke.Recognizing Symptoms (B.E. F.A.S.T.)Immediate recognition and action are vital because "Time is Brain" in stroke treatment. Use the B.E. F.A.S.T. acronym to spot the signs:LetterSymptomActionBBalanceSudden loss of balance or coordination.EEyesSudden vision change or loss.FFace DroopingIs one side of the face numb or drooping?AArm WeaknessIs one arm weak or numb? Does one arm drift down when raised?SSpeech DifficultyIs speech slurred, or is the person hard to understand?TTimeCall emergency services immediately! Note the time symptoms started.Risk FactorsKey factors that increase stroke risk include:High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)SmokingHigh CholesterolDiabetesHeart conditions, especially Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib)Obesity and physical inactivity