Residency in Ophthalmology - Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary / Harvard Medical School, 1981
Residency in Internal Medicine - University Of Pennsylvania Health System, 1976
Class of 1974 - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 1974
Medical degree, DO - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 1974
Fellowship - Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 1981
Fellowship - Ret Fdn Eye Rsch Inst, 1981
Medical School - University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 1974
Internship - Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 1975