I am Dr Shamoon. Thank you for the photos and the very useful drug history. In an elderly diabetic, hypertensive gentleman post-CABG who has recently been started on rifaximin plus other antibiotics for an intestinal infection, a new rash on the leg most likely is a drug-related eruption - a maculopapular drug rash. The timing is what points to it: if the rash appeared within days to about two weeks of starting the new antibiotics, drug hypersensitivity is far more likely than an insect bite. An insect bite is usually one or a few discrete raised itchy bumps with a central punctum, often around the ankles, whereas a drug rash is more widespread, symmetrical, reddish and blotchy, and may spread upward from the legs. Rifaximin acts mostly in the gut and rarely causes rashes, so the other antibiotic he received is the more likely culprit; some BP medicines (particularly amlodipine, which can also cause leg swelling and stasis changes) and, in diabetics, fungal or bacterial skin infection or diabetic dermopathy are the other realistic possibilities. His
diabetes also matters because skin heals slowly, itching leads to scratching, and secondary infection or cellulitis can develop quickly in an elderly leg. I would not advise steroid creams or antibiotics blindly here - with his cardiac history and multiple drugs, the diagnosis must be confirmed by examination, and no medicine of his should be stopped without the treating doctor's advice.
Next Steps
1) Write down the exact date each new antibiotic was started and the date the rash appeared, and make a full list of all his medicines with doses - this single list usually identifies the culprit drug. 2) Show him to a physician or dermatologist in person within the next 1-2 days; a photo cannot replace examining the skin, and at 87 with
diabetes and a cardiac history he should not be treated blindly. 3) Do NOT stop any antibiotic, BP or cardiac medicine on your own - the treating doctor must decide which drug to withdraw and what to substitute. 4) Meanwhile: keep the leg clean and dry, wash with plain water and a mild non-perfumed cleanser, apply a simple fragrance-free moisturiser twice daily, keep nails short and avoid scratching, use loose cotton clothing, and avoid all home remedies, oils, and over-the-counter steroid or antifungal creams. 5) Take a photo daily in the same light to track whether it is spreading. 6) Get a blood
sugar check (fasting and post-meal or
HbA1c) and CBC with eosinophil count and
creatinine - poor sugar control worsens any skin condition and drug dosing depends on
kidney function. 7) A non-sedating antihistamine such as levocetirizine at night is generally safe for itching in the elderly, but please confirm with his doctor given his cardiac medicines. 8) If it is confirmed as a drug rash, record that drug name as an allergy in his file permanently. You are welcome to consult me on Practo with the photos and his medicine list, or in person at Synergy Multispeciality Hospital, Miraj.
Health Tips
Word of caution: this needs emergency care if the rash spreads rapidly, blisters or peels, involves the mouth, eyes or genitals, or is accompanied by fever, facial or lip swelling, breathlessness, drowsiness or confusion - these suggest a severe drug reaction. Also seek urgent review if the leg becomes hot, swollen, very painful or starts oozing pus (cellulitis), which is a real risk in an elderly diabetic. Never stop or restart his cardiac or antibiotic medicines without his doctor.