Emphysema is a chronic lung condition caused due to damage in the lung alveoli causing shortness of breath. As these alveoli are damaged the deoxygenated air gets trapped inside the lungs and no fresh oxygen rich air can enter causing shortness of breath.

There are three types of emphysema: centriacinar – it begins in bronchioles and spreads towards periphery usually in upper half of lungs and occurs due to cigarette smoking; panacinar – it occurs in the lower half of lungs due to anti trypsin deficiency which is a genetic condition; and paraseptal – it occurs around lung septae due to a past lung infections.

The main signs and symptoms of emphysema are shortness of breath and prolonged cough which progressively increases with time and while doing daily activities and even when at rest. Other symptoms include weight loss and fatigue

The main sign and symptoms of emphysema is shortness of breath and prolonged cough which progressively increases with time and while doing daily activities and eventually it occurs even when at rest. Other symptoms include weight loss and fatigue.

No emphysema is not curable, however, the treatment such as medications, lifestyle modifications or surgeries can help reduce symptoms and slow its progression.