Type 1 diabetes is a long-term condition in which the pancreas secretes little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone needed for our cells to absorb glucose for energy. When there’s no insulin, glucose cannot enter the cells and circulates in the blood, causing problems. This condition was once known as insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes can appear rather suddenly and may include:
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Extreme hunger
- Unintended weight loss
- Bed-wetting in children
- Fatigue and weakness
- Blurred vision
- Irritability

It is not clear what exactly causes type 1 diabetes. Usually, it occurs when the body's immune system that generally fights harmful viruses and bacteria mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Genetics and environmental factors such as viruses are other possible causes.

Presently, type 1 diabetes is not curable. People with type 1 diabetes must receive lifelong treatment with daily insulin injections or an insulin pump to maintain near-normal blood glucose levels. Proper treatment can keep the symptoms well under control and prevent long-term problems.

Your primary care doctor can treat diabetes. He/she may refer you to an endocrinologist if required. An endocrinologist is a doctor who is trained to diagnose and treat hormonal problems. The endocrinologist will help you understand your treatment options and devise a management plan that works best for you.