Medical degree, DO - University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, 1979
Residency - ID - University Of Pennsylvania Health System, 1985
Residency in Ophthalmology - Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 1985
Fellowship in Pediatric Ophthalmology - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 1985
Fellowship 2 - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 1985
Residency - ID - Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 1985
Class of 1977 - University of Cape Town, 1977