The degenerative changes affecting the spaces between the vertebrae are called spondylosis. These degenerative changes are also called osteoarthritis.

Spondylosis can be of different types based on the part of the vertebral column affected such as: cervical spondylosis affects the neck region, thoracic spondylosis affects the upper and middle back region, lumbar spondylosis affects the lower back and lumbosacral spondylosis affects the lower back and the midline of the buttocks. Cervical and lumbar spondylosis are the most common.

Ageing, family history, stiffness of ligaments, injury to the spinal cord, dehydrated intervertebral discs, bone spurs and genetics play a role in the occurrence of spondylosis.

Diagnosis of spondylosis involves: physical examination to determine the movement, imaging techniques like CT scan, MRI scan and x-rays, electromyography and nerve conduction study.

One should consult a doctor if experience the following symptoms as these may point towards spondylosis: headache, muscle spasms, weakness, numbness and tingling sensations in hands and legs, inability control the natural urges such as urination and defecation, limited movements of joints and abnormal response to the external stimuli.